Types Of Mesothelioma
Types Of Mesothelioma :
There are mainly four types of Mesothelioma based on the tumor initially developed.
Mesothelioma is also identified by three cancer cell types
- Epithelioid
- sarcomatoid
- biphasic
(1) Pleural Mesothelioma
Pleural is the most common mesothelioma.
Approximately 70% to 75% of cases occur in the pleura.
Most patients qualify for chemotherapy, radiation therapy. These therapies can add months or years to life expectancy.
Pleural mesothelioma forms in the lining of the lungs, known as the pleura, and is the most common form of the aggressive disease.
Approximately 80% of all diagnosed cases of mesothelioma are pleural, and the disease is often not definitively diagnosed until it has progressed into its later stages.
On average, pleural mesothelioma patients survive six to twelve months after diagnosis, with a one-year survival rate of about 73% and five-year survival rate of about 5%.
Characteristics of Pleural Mesothelioma
Location: Pleural lining (chest)
Symptoms: Shortness of breath, chest pain, weight loss, fever and fatigue
Prognosis: With treatment, 3+ years at stage 1 versus 12 months at stage 4
Symptoms: Shortness of breath, chest pain, weight loss, fever and fatigue
Prognosis: With treatment, 3+ years at stage 1 versus 12 months at stage 4
Treatment
There are four stages. The higher the number, the more the cancer has spread.
If it’s in the early stages, you might need surgery. It can sometimes cure the cancer.
In other cases, it just helps reduce your symptoms. You also need chemotherapy, or “chemo.”
Symptoms
You might feel pain in your chest or when you cough.
You may have shortness of breath and unexplained weight loss.
Lumps often will form under the skin on your chest.
Causes
Asbestos is the main culprit.
These mineral fibers were once widely used to build houses and other products. That’s because the fibers are resistant to heat and fire.
But doctors later learned that they can get stuck in your lungs when you inhale them.
This can cause inflammation and scarring. Over many years, this can lead to the development of mesothelioma in your lungs.
Your genes and other factors also influence your risk.
(2) Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma of the peritoneum is a rare asbestos-related cancer that forms on the abdominal lining.
A rare form of this cancer develops in the omentum, a layer of the abdominal membrane that covers the stomach and other organs.
The beginning symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma include abdominal distension, abdominal pain, swelling or tenderness around the abdomen and constipation or diarrhea.
Peritoneal mesothelioma is the second-most common type of the cancer and is diagnosed in about 15-20% of all mesothelioma cases.
Cancer cells grow in the lining of the abdominal cavity, known as the peritoneum, causing symptoms like abdominal pain and swelling, weight loss and fluid in the abdomen.
Though the general prognosis for peritoneal mesothelioma is poor, patients have a better life expectancy than other forms of the disease thanks to advancements in treatment, like surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).
Peritoneal mesothelioma patients have a one-year survival rate of 92%. In addition, at least 50% of patients who undergo surgery combined with HIPEC will live five years or more.
Characteristics of Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Location: Lining of the abdomen (peritoneum)
Symptoms: Abdominal pain and swelling, bloating, loss of appetite and bowel changes
Prognosis: 52% live at least five years after surgery with HIPEC
Symptoms: Abdominal pain and swelling, bloating, loss of appetite and bowel changes
Prognosis: 52% live at least five years after surgery with HIPEC
Treatment
It usually consists of a combination of things, including surgery, chemo, and radiation.
If you’re diagnose at a later stage, it may be too late for surgery.
In that case, your doctor will recommend other treatments to control your symptoms.
Symptoms
These include swelling or pain in your belly, lumps, and weight loss.
Causes
If you swallow asbestos fibers , you can damage the lining of your abdominal organs and cavity.
This increases your risk of getting mesothelioma there. Your genes play a role, too.
Pericardial Mesothelioma
The pericardial tumor type is extremely rare. Around 200 cases are report in medical literature.
After surgery, some patients live for years beyond the average six-month life expectancy.
Pericardial mesothelioma is a very rare form of the cancer and is diagnosed in less than 50 people in the United States each year, accounting for about 1% of the total number of cases.
So,Mesothelioma tumors form in the lining of the heart sac, called the pericardium.
Because of the tumors’ proximity to the heart, patients may experience severe symptoms even at early stages.
Due to its rarity, the general prognosis for pericardial mesothelioma is very poor.
Patients survive six months on average, with a one-year survival rate of 51%.
So,In most cases, pericardial mesothelioma patients only have palliative care options available to help alleviate symptoms.
Characteristics of Pericardial Mesothelioma
Location: Lining of heart (pericardium)
Symptoms: Irregular heartbeat, chest pain, difficulty breathing and cough
Prognosis: Typically ranges from six weeks to 15 months
Symptoms: Irregular heartbeat, chest pain, difficulty breathing and cough
Prognosis: Typically ranges from six weeks to 15 months
Treatment
So,It usually consists of a combination of things, including surgery, chemo, and radiation.
If you’re diagnosed at a later stage, it may be too late for surgery.
In that case, your doctor will recommend other treatments to control your symptoms.
Symptoms
So,You might have heart palpitations or pain in your chest.
You may also be short of breath or have a cough that won’t go away.
Causes
Doctors aren’t sure. It’s unclear whether asbestos exposure causes mesothelioma in the pericardium.
Testicular Mesothelioma
Testicular mesothelioma is diagnosed in less than one percent of all cases and there are only about 100 diagnosed cases described in medical literature.
So,The cancer develops in the tunica vaginalis, the lining of the testicles, and typically presents symptoms like testicle pain, a mass on the testicle, and scrotal swelling caused by fluid buildup.
Patients with this type of mesothelioma have a better life expectancy than other forms, with an average prognosis of about two years.
However, studies have shown that testicular mesothelioma does have a high rate of recurrence, including almost 93% of patients within five years of their initial diagnosis.
Characteristics of Testicular Mesothelioma
Location: Forms in the tunica vaginalis, which is the lining covering the testes
Symptoms: Scrotal swelling, painless testicular lumps
Prognosis: 2 years
Symptoms: Scrotal swelling, painless testicular lumps
Prognosis: 2 years
Treatment
Because this form of mesothelioma is so rare, it’s not well understood. Nor is there a standard treatment.
Symptoms
Because it’s so rare, there’s not a known, standard set of symptoms.
But the one seen most often is a painless mass on the scrotum.
Causes
Therefore,it happens in men between ages 55 and 75.
There’s a possible link to asbestos exposure, but doctors don’t know what the exact connection is.
So, in this article we learn types of mesothelioma.
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