Mesothelioma Causes & Risk Factors

Mesothelioma Causes & Risk Factors

Mesothelioma Causes & Risk Factors :

Causes Of Mesothelioma

Researchers are still trying to understand what causes mesothelioma, other than as a response to asbestos fibers over a long period of time.

Asbestos causes malignant mesothelioma cancer. Inhaled asbestos fibers damage DNA, causing inflammation and scarring. Mesothelioma develops after decades of asbestos exposure.

When the fibers travel to different parts of the body, it results in different types of mesothelioma.

All forms of asbestos cause the disease, and research studies show asbestos fibers lead to other types of cancer, including asbestos lung cancer.

The majority of people who get malignant mesothelioma cancer were expose to asbestos while working certain blue-collar jobs or serving in the military.

About 80% of people diagnose with mesothelioma have been expose to asbestos.

Mesothelioma was virtually unknown until the 20th century. Mesothelioma incidence rates rose as industries expanded the use of asbestos.

Primary Risk Factors for Mesothelioma

Working in a high-risk occupation such as construction or heavy industry
Serving on military ships or facilities built with products containing asbestos.

Living in a residential area near an asbestos mine or contaminated site
Disturbing asbestos products during a home renovation without proper safety measures

Asbestos exposure

Between 70% to 80% of people diagnose with mesothelioma have been expose to asbestos.

Asbestos is a group of natural minerals found in the earth.

Because of its strong, flexible fibers and fire-proof properties, asbestos was once commonly add to cement, insulation, roof shingles, and other products.

People involved in making products containing asbestos or installing or maintaining these products can breathe in or swallow the asbestos fibers.

These fibers can also be carry in asbestos dust on clothing or personal items, exposing family members of the workers to potentially high levels of the minerals.

Current safety regulations require people who work with asbestos to wear protective equipment and to shower and change clothes before leaving the workplace.

Smoking

By itself, smoking does not increase the risk of mesothelioma.

but the combination of smoking and asbestos exposure can increase the risk of certain types of cancer in the lungs.

Radiation exposure. Radiation exposure may cause mesothelioma, such as when a patient has previously received radiation therapy for lymphoma.

Genetics

About 1% of people with mesothelioma have inherited mesothelioma, meaning the risk of developing the disease was passes from parent to child within a family. Usually, it is due to a mutation or change in a gene called BAP1.

Smoking is not a risk factor for mesothelioma.

however, quitting smoking is extremely important:

asbestos exposure does not increase the risk of mesothelioma, but does increase the risk of lung cancer in general.

Other types of fibers, such as erionite, are thought to be responsible for mesothelioma, as well. Erionite has been identified in a specific region in Turkey called Cappadocia and is thought to be responsible for the high rate of mesotheliomas observed in that area.

So, In this article we learn about Mesothelioma Causes & Risk Factors.

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Mesothelioma Causes & Risk Factors

Mesothelioma Stages | 4 Stages

Mesothelioma Stages | 4 Stages

Mesothelioma Stages :

stage 1 :

Initially, tumor growth is within a single area.

The prognosis and life expectancy of stage 1 mesothelioma is significantly better than later stages.

It is difficult to catch the cancer this early because people with this stage do not usually experience symptoms.The tumor is localize to the mesothelioma lining and has not spread.

Aggressive treatments are typically an option, and patients have an average life expectancy of 21 months or longer.

Stage 1 Treatment

Cytoreductive surgery is typically the recommended course of treatment for stage 1 mesothelioma patients, and can typically be aggressive to address as much of the cancer as possible, such as with an extrapleural pneumonectomy or pleurectomy/decortication.

Other common treatments include hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for peritoneal mesothelioma patients, as well as intravenous chemotherapy drugs like pemetrexed and cisplatin or radiation therapy.

Symptoms

Most mesothelioma patients do not experience symptoms at stage 1. At this stage, tumors are too small to cause pain or breathing difficulties.

stage 2 :

Indicates that tumors are beginning to spread beyond the mesothelial lining and into lymph nodes.

Tumors remain small enough to be remove by surgery, which positively impacts life expectancy.The cancer has spread to nearby organs, such as the lung or diaphragm. Treatment options may still be aggressive, and life expectancy is around 19 months or less.

Stage 2 Treatment

Patients with stage 2 mesothelioma typically have a wide range of treatment options available to them.

Multimodal treatment is common, consisting of a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, but may not be an option for all patients.

Surgical resection may depend on any nearby metastasis and patient health.

Symptoms

Stage 2 pleural mesothelioma symptoms, such as difficulty breathing during exercise or a mild cough, may resemble the common cold.

Peritoneal patients may lose weight or feel bloated. It is generally rare for symptoms to appear in stage 2.

Symptoms usually arise in stage 3.

stage 3 :

Once the cancer progresses to stage 3, it may have spread to several tissues, organs and lymph nodes in the same region of the body where it formed.

Some stage 3 patients qualify for surgery depending upon the size and location of tumors.Cancer cells have spread to nearby tissues, lymph nodes and organs. Treatment options are limited, and average life expectancy is around 16 months.

Stage 3 Treatment

So the Treatment options for stage 3 mesothelioma patients are primarily palliative and focused on providing prolongation of life and improving quality of life.

Systemic chemotherapy may be used to kill cancer cells, while radiation might be use to shrink tumors to relieve pressure on internal organs.

Minor surgical procedures such as pleurocentesis or paracentesis are often used to drain fluid buildup and alleviate symptoms like difficulty breathing and chest or abdominal pain.

Symptoms

Stage 3 pleural symptoms include difficulty breathing, dry cough, wheezing and chest pain.

Peritoneal patients develop constipation or diarrhea, abdominal pain and bloating. Both types may experience weight loss, fever and night sweats.

stage 4 :

Cancer has spread throughout the area where it first developed and possibly to other parts of the body. Cancer could be present in the liver, brain, bones or elsewhere.

Tumor-removing surgery is not use at this stage. Minimally invasive surgeries may be use to control symptoms.Thus, The cancer has spread to nearby and distant organs, tissues and lymph nodes. Treatment options are limited, and the average life expectancy is around one year.

Stage 4 Treatment

Treatment plans for stage 4 patients are primarily composed of palliative treatments, aimed to prolong life and improve quality of life.

Systemic chemotherapy may be used to kill cancer cells, while radiation might be used to shrink tumors to relieve pressure on internal organs.

So, Minor surgical procedures, such as pleurocentesis or paracentesis, are often used to drain fluid buildup and alleviate symptoms like difficulty breathing and chest or abdominal pain.

Symptoms

Stage 4 pleural symptoms include extreme difficulty breathing, trouble swallowing and severe chest pain.

Peritoneal symptoms include constant digestive problems, swelling of the abdomen, bowel obstruction and difficulty breathing or swallowing.

Both types may experience loss of appetite, weight loss, muscle weakness, nerve pain, night sweats, fever and fatigue.

So,In this article we learn about Mesothelioma stages in brief with it’s symptoms and treatments.

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Treatment For Mesothelioma ?

Treatment For Mesothelioma :

• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Immunotherapy
• Radiation
• Multimodal

Surgery

Patients diagnosed in the early stages benefit most from surgery. It offers them the best chance at living longer lives. These procedures remove tumors from the chest area and improve quality of life.

Extrapleural Pneumonectomy (EPP)
Extrapleural Pneumonectomy (EPP): EPP removes the cancerous lung and all nearby areas where mesothelioma spreads. This can include nearby lymph nodes, parts of the chest lining, heart lining and diaphragm.

Pleurectomy and Decortication (P/D)
Pleurectomy Decortication (P/D): P/D spares the lung and only removes cancerous parts of the pleural lining, the chest wall lining and the diaphragm. This is a less aggressive surgery.

Patients with early-stage peritoneal mesotheliomas might also benefit from surgery to take out as much of the cancer as possible. This may be combined with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Some patients have long remissions after this treatment. (This means the cancer is under control and not growing or spreading.)

Surgery may also be helpful for some later-stage cancers, but the benefits are more likely to last only a short time.

Sometimes, the surgeon may think the cancer is resectable based on imaging tests (like CT scans) done before surgery, but once the operation starts it becomes clear that not all of the cancer can be removed. In these cases the surgeon may switch to a less extensive operation like P/D (which is easier to tolerate) or even stop the surgery altogether if it’s not likely to be helpful. Treatment would then be the same as for unresectable mesotheliomas (see below).

Doctors are still studying whether giving chemotherapy (chemo) before surgery (called neoadjuvant therapy) or giving chemo and/or radiation therapy after surgery (adjuvant therapy) is helpful. Not all doctors agree on the best ways to use these treatments together. Some doctors prefer to give chemo, either before or after surgery. Radiation therapy might be used after surgery, either alone or along with chemo.

If you’re not healthy enough to have a major operation, your treatment will be the same as for unresectable mesothelioma (discussed below).

If you have symptoms because of fluid buildup in the chest or abdomen (belly), other approaches such as thoracentesis/paracentesis or pleurodesis may be helpful. (These are described in palliative procedures.)

Because these cancers can be hard to treat, taking part in a clinical trial of a new, and maybe better, treatment may be another option. These types of studies are usually done in large medical centers.

Chemotherapy

Doctors may recommend chemotherapy to patients who are not eligible for surgery. This mesothelioma treatment also helps extend survival rates. A 2016 Wayne State University study found patients given a combination of chemo drugs lived three times longer than patients without it.

Hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITHOC): An experimental procedure that delivers heated chemotherapy drugs throughout the chest cavity.

Radiation

Radiation therapy controls symptoms when surgery is not an option. It eases symptoms such as chest pain and discomfort. And it can also reduce the risk of local recurrence when combined with surgery.

External Beam Radiation Therapy: Machine placed outside the body delivers X-ray beams to kill cancer cells
Brachytherapy: Uses a radioactive implant to kill nearby cancer cells
Hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy may help pleural mesothelioma patients, too. It delivers a heated chemo drug treatment to the chest cavity after surgery.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy has been shown to be successful in treating mesothelioma and other diseases by boosting the immune system. Used on its own or when combined with standard treatments like chemotherapy, immunotherapy has shown promising success in the treatment of mesothelioma, in some cases extending life expectancy by months or even years.

The effectiveness of different immunotherapy drugs continues to be tested, particularly when used during a multimodal treatment plan. Types of immunotherapy that have been used include:

Adoptive cell therapy
Cancer vaccines
Checkpoint inhibitors
Monoclonal antibodies

Multimodal

A multimodal treatment approach usually centers on a major tumor-removing surgery with chemotherapy and radiation therapy administered before, after or during the surgery.

For peritoneal mesothelioma, cytoreductive abdominal surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is the most effective treatment approach.
For pleural mesothelioma, there is no single treatment plan that is clearly better than all the others. It depends on the patient’s specific circumstances and the judgement of their doctors.

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is another emerging treatment that has shown promise in treating malignant mesothelioma for some patients. Gene therapy works by repairing the genetic structure or function of cells. If repair is successful, it can potentially treat the disease or help prevent the development of diseases without as many side effects as treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Types of gene therapy include:

Gene transfer
Genetic virotherapy
Oncolytic viruses

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Legal Advice From Mesothelioma Lawyer

Legal Advice From Mesothelioma Lawyer

Legal Advice From Mesothelioma Lawyer :

Mesothelioma patients face physical, emotional, and financial obstacles. Thankfully, those with mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases can take legal action to cover treatment costs and other expenses.

With legal support, patients may receive compensation to pay for treatments and relieve some of their stress.

Legal Help For Asbestos-Related Diseases

Legal help is crucial for mesothelioma patients struggling to afford treatments.

Medical bills associated with this rare cancer can drive families into bankruptcy.

However, legal assistance can help families receive compensation from those responsible: the companies that made and sold asbestos products.

These companies knew that asbestos exposure could cause serious health issues as far back as the 1930s.

But instead of helping the public, they hid the grim facts so they could keep making money.

By the time the truth come out, millions people are expose.

Today, patients and their families can seek compensation through an asbestos lawsuit.

Many of asbestos companies also have established trust funds to pay those they harmed.

Seeking Legal Help

Working with a specialized mesothelioma lawyer can help you receive the highest possible amount of compensation in the shortest amount of time.

These lawyers charge no upfront fees and will travel directly to you for free.

The Mesothelioma Justice Network is home to a full staff of compassionate and knowledgeable legal advocates who are here to help you receive compensation.

Asbestos Illness and Death: Who Is at Fault?

After a shocking mesothelioma diagnosis, patients often wonder who is at fault and who will cover their treatment costs.

However, there is evidence that companies hid these dangers for decades and continued using it in their products.

As a result, the asbestos industry continued to thrive while workers paid the ultimate price with their health.

In recent years, court-ordered trusts have been established to pay those injured by asbestos.

So,Over $30 Billion has been set aside in trust funds to pay asbestos victims.

How a Mesothelioma Lawyer Can Help You

Whether you’re a patient diagnosed with mesothelioma or a family member looking after someone who has been diagnosed, there are many ways that a mesothelioma lawyer can help you.

From simply providing information on how to pursue legal action to performing detailed research, a good lawyer can offer assistance at any step during the legal process.

A Free Consultation:

A reputable lawyer will offer you a free case review, which will offer insight into your eligibility for a case, options for compensation and details on how to move forward with the process, if you decide to file a mesothelioma lawsuit.

Available Compensation:

A mesothelioma attorney can help you understand the many types of financial compensation that may be available to you, including settlements, verdicts and asbestos trust fund claims.

Focused Legal Support:

Mesothelioma lawyers have experience handling similar asbestos cases, understand past successful trials and current trials, as well as have knowledge on how to build the most effective cases.

Research Assistance:

Your lawyer can help you gather a variety of information to support your case, including employment, union, military, residential and medical records as evidence of asbestos exposure.

They will also help you with depositions and witness or expert testimonies to support your case.

A mesothelioma lawyer will also have experience gathering evidence for mesothelioma cases where time and cause of exposure are unknown.

Venue Selection:

A mesothelioma lawyer will coordinate scheduling and location needs to determine where your claim should be submitted and where your legal proceedings will be held.

Case Management:

Your mesothelioma lawyer will manage your case, performing necessary research and handlings, while keeping you informed on any potential developments.

Effective case management will give you and your family the opportunity to focus on treatment, often allowing you to avoid travel and court appearances, as well.

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Mesothelioma Prognosis Means What ?

Mesothelioma Prognosis Means What ?

Mesothelioma Prognosis :

A mesothelioma prognosis is what doctors describe as an overall outlook for a specific patient. Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer with an average life expectancy of 14 to 22 months.

But it is often terminal with most patients living only 1 year after diagnosis.

A patient’s prognosis helps determine the treatment options they can pursue.

The prognosis for most mesothelioma patients is generally poor because there is no cure for this disease.

Prognosis is often measure in terms such as “good,” “favorable,” “bad” or “poor” based on how the cancer is expect to progress.

It includes the prospect of recovery and helps determine what treatment options may be available.

When patients ask about their prognosis, what they usually want to know is how long they will live.

Early-Stage Prognosis

People diagnosed early, in stage 1 or stage 2, often qualify for surgery.

which offers the best chance at long-term survival.

Approximately 20 percent of pleural mesothelioma patients are diagnose early enough to qualify for surgery.

Stage 1 patients who undergo surgery have a median life expectancy of 22.2 months.

Late-Stage Prognosis

Most patients are diagnose late, at stage 3 or 4, and do not qualify for surgery. Stage 4 patients who undergo treatment have a median life expectancy of 14.9 months.

Although statistics play a part in determining your prognosis, every mesothelioma case is unique.

Some mesothelioma patients are beating the typical outlook thanks to advances in treatment and care. Survivors credit life span increases to multimodal treatment, improvements in their diet and complementary therapies.

Prognosis by Mesothelioma Type

The type of mesothelioma, which is determine by the location.

where it first develops, has an effect on the prognosis of the disease.

Pleural mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma affects the lung linings and is the most common type of mesothelioma, making up 80 – 90% of all diagnoses.

Treatment is typically multimodal, and on average, pleural mesothelioma patients.

who receive some form of treatment live 12 months after diagnosis.

Peritoneal mesothelioma

Peritoneal mesothelioma affects the linings of the abdomen and is the second most common type of mesothelioma, accounting for 15 – 20% of cases.

Common treatments often involve surgery and chemotherapy. The median survival period for patients with peritoneal mesothelioma is one year.

However, patients who are healthy enough to undergo surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have been able to improve prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate as high as 67%.

Pericardial mesothelioma

Pericardial mesothelioma is seen in the linings of the heart and is one of the rarest forms of the disease, seen in 1 – 2% of mesothelioma diagnoses.

This type has a very poor prognosis of about six months, with many cases not properly diagnose until an autopsy is perform.

With early detection, treatment is typically palliative to improve symptoms and quality of life.

Testicular Mesothelioma

Testicular mesothelioma is seen in the linings of the testes and is the rarest of the four types, seen in only 1% of all diagnosed cases.

Prognosis for testicular mesothelioma patients is typically 20 – 23 months, though some have lived much longer.

Treatment involves a multimodal approach of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

What Factors Affect Mesothelioma Prognosis?

There are five primary factors that doctors consider when determining a prognosis for mesothelioma patients.

While these factors can help physicians provide patients with a prognosis, disease progression will still differ on a case-by-case basis.

Stage

Stage is the most important factor in determining a patient’s prognosis. Patients diagnosed at an early stage of mesothelioma will have more treatment options and a better prognosis than those diagnosed at a later stage.

The life expectancy for stage 1 patients is typically 21 months or longer, and 19 months for stage 2 patients.

By stage 3 and stage 4, patients generally only have palliative treatment options available to prolong life and improve quality of life.

On average, stage 3 patients have a life expectancy of 16 months, while stage 4 patients survive for about 12 months after diagnosis.

Cell Type

Of the three primary mesothelioma cell types, epithelioid mesothelioma is the most common and also has the best prognosis, as epithelioid cells spread less aggressively and are more responsive to treatment.

Biphasic mesothelioma has a worse prognosis due to the presence of sarcomatoid cells.

Sarcomatoid mesothelioma has the least favorable prognosis of these cell types, as these cells spread aggressively and are not as responsive to cancer treatments.

In some cases, patients may be diagnosed with other rare cell types, which have prognoses that vary from a few months to 10 years or longer.

Location

Average life expectancy varies for patients diagnosed with pleural, peritoneal, pericardial and testicular mesothelioma.

Testicular patients have a favorable prognosis with a median survival of around 20 – 23 months.

Peritoneal patients typically survive one year or longer, and pleural mesothelioma patients have an average prognosis of about six months to one year.

Pericardial patients have the least favorable prognosis of the types, with many diagnosed posthumously.

Metastasis

If the mesothelioma has spread to other parts of the body from where it originated, the prognosis is much worse.

Once the disease begins to spread, it is much harder to remove the cancer through surgery or kill the cancer cells with chemotherapy.

Localized mesothelioma can be treated more aggressively with multimodal treatments and lead to a better prognosis and longer lifespan.

Overall Health

Patients who are relatively young and healthy can have a better prognosis because their bodies are better able to handle aggressive treatments.

Older patients may not be able to withstand the side effects of surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and also tend to have other conditions that can worsen the disease or limit treatment options.

In general, poor overall health will limit treatment options and lower life expectancy for patients facing a mesothelioma diagnosis.

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